Infrastructure designed to supply power to EVs. EVSE can charge a wide variety of EVs including BEVs and PHEVs. 

A unique value for scaling emissions to activity data in terms of a standard rate of emissions per unit of activity (e.g., grams of carbon dioxide emitted per gallon of gasoline consumed, or per kilowatt-hour of electricity used).

En route charging typically requires high powered rapid chargers, that put >100 miles into your electric car in the time it takes to grab a coffee, a snack and use the facilities. This enables you to take long-distance trips in your electric car, but is not needed day-to-day. 

Using less energy to provide the same service (lighting, mobility, cooling/heating, etc).

The ratio of energy use to economic or physical output.

The USA’s Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established its own testing methodology for electric range which is arguably the toughest, and thus closest to real world performance of the available metrics. 

Vehicles that have the ability to run on a gasoline engine if the battery gets low. The extended-range electric vehicle (E-REV) is effectively an all-electric vehicle, with all the motive power provided by an electric motor, but with a small ICE present to generate additional electric power. 

Ideal for top up charging, most fast charge points offer 7kW, ideal for keeping you going while out and about. Typically found in homes, workplaces and in public car parks where people typically spend circa 40 mins or more. 

Shuttle or Taxi services for the last mile between a bus or train station and a passenger’s origin or final destination. Feeder systems “feed” Mass Rapid Transit systems and so complement Public Transport and avoid competition with it and will likely not cause additional traffic. Examples for Feeder System providers are IOKI or ISTMobil in Austria. 

Fiber laser welding is an important aspect of the production process for many electric cars, in applications such as the production of batteries and the manufacturing of motors.