Abstract:

Air pollution is now one of the most important topics that have gained a great deal of attention. Millions of tons of GHGs enter the atmosphere every day, which has a lot of bad and harmful environmental effects. According to the recent studies, the transportation fleet is the major source ofCO2 emissions and has a highest dependency to the petroleum products. Penetrating the renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) are the green solutions to decrease the current environmental issues. Due to intermittent nature of RESs and high investment costs of developing EVs’ infrastructure, tendency for using them is under the predicted estimations. In this paper, by analyzing a precise and comprehensive literature review, the authors consider all aspects of implementing the EVs especially their supporting roles for the grid in vehicle to grid system (V2G). Moreover, they study the integration of the electrified fleet with RESs in smart grid and evaluate their possible impacts on the power network. The main purpose of this paper is analyzing the influences of the V2G system on the power grid in four main subjects and classifying them based on their proposed methodology for the future studies. Finally, an analysis and survey of the last two decades of scholarly literature and projects in this field of study from 2004 to March 2019 is presented. The findings indicate that the social aspects of the implementation of the V2G system have been explored in a limited number of papers. However, there are several studies on the integration of the V2G framework with RESs and smart grids, some of which use actual data to estimate the availability of RESs at each hour of the day.