Abstract:

Rapid improvements in battery technologies are crucial in achieving the required pace of transition to cleaner mobility. The high energy density, specific energy, and cycle life of the LiBs make these batteries outperform other available battery chemistries. With the increasing adoption of EV across the globe, harmonized standards are essential to evaluate the performance, safety, and other characteristics of the emerging battery technologies. India aims to reach its target of installing 500 GW of non-fossil fuel electricity generation capacity and reaching 30 per cent sales share of EVs by 2030 (COP 26: India Commitments). The total growth in the LiBs could grow to between 105 and 263 GWh annually by 2030, depending on the aggressiveness of the uptake of EVs and battery energy storage (RMI 2022). Thus, developing a proper framework for the end-of-life management of these LiBs is crucial.