Abstract:

The launch of both battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs) on the global market has triggered ongoing radical changes in the automotive sector. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the cost structure of BEVs and AVs, as well as to define the technical parameters that are important. Since BEVs and AVs require new technologies and components, this study discusses the relevant parameters and assesses their costs.  On the one hand, the new features of the BEV powertrain in comparison to the combustion form have resulted in new core parameters, such as vehicle range, which have then become a key selling point. Electric components, on the other hand, have not yet been optimized, and the sensors needed for autonomous driving are still costly, resulting in improvements to the vehicle cost structure. This transformation is not limited to the vehicle itself but also extends to its mobility and the necessary infrastructure. The former is shaped by new user behaviors and scenarios. The latter is impacted by the BEV powertrain, which requires a charging and energy supply infrastructure. To enable manufacturers and researchers to develop and optimize BEVs and AVs, it is necessary to first identify the relevant parameters and costs. To this end, the authors have conducted an extensive literature review. The result is a complete overview of the relevant parameters and costs, divided into the categories of vehicle, infrastructure, mobility, and energy.