Abstract:

Transitioning from fossil-fueled buses to battery electric buses (e-buses) for public transport presents a significant challenge for bus operators. Transjakarta, the largest bus transit system in Indonesia, is planning to operate e-buses on all its routes by 2030. The energy consumption and operational range of e-buses vary within the transport system, as driving dynamics, terrain, and operational demands are unique to each route. Energy consumption and operational demands impact costs, which are of particular concern to transit operators. This study provides a detailed energy consumption, range, and cost analysis for routes served by 12 m buses that are slated for electrification in the Transjakarta BRT system. It provides recommendations on which routes are preferable to be electrified first and explores which cost factors can be modified to increase the competitiveness of e-buses on a cost per kilometer basis. To accurately model the total cost of ownership (TCO) for each route, we use a proprietary route development tool, a computational simulation tool, and route-level range analysis.