Abstract:

This study compares features of various battery technologies. Besides, the prerequisite condition for efficient battery operation is an accurate cell model that reflects hysteresis, aging, and thermal effects to characterize the real-world performance. Furthermore, the successful operation of electric vehicles (EVs) depends on accurate state-of-charge (SOC) estimation, the key task to be performed by the battery management system (BMS). This paper presents various SOC estimation techniques considering the major nonlinearities and many unknown errors. Thus, the analysis emphasizes many key issues, challenges, and recommendations for developments in SOC estimation and enhancement of battery management systems for future EVs.