Abstract:

This paper provides an overview of the current state of the art in electric vehicle developments and innovation, related to the vehicle components, their charging infrastructure and interaction with the grid, but also related to battery material sciences and power electronics engineering up to environmental assessments, market considerations and synergies with shared and autonomous vehicles. This paper also provides recommendations for future developments and trends. This paper not only offers an overview of existing electric vehicle (EV) information and innovations, but also new exciting and novel EV technologies based on scientific facts and figures that could be technologically feasible by 2030. In this paper, potential design and modelling tools, such as digital twin with connected Internet-of-Things (IoT), are addressed. Furthermore, the potential technological challenges and research gaps in all EV aspects from hard-core battery material sciences, power electronics and powertrain engineering up to environmental assessments and market considerations are addressed.