Abstract:

Dealing with EV garbage, such as retired LIBs, became a more crucial concern as more of them were put on the road to ensure sustainability and lower the cost of the recycling process. This necessitates creating an efficient and practical gateway testing system to sort retired batteries based on their remaining energy capacity and assign them for reuse, recycling, or repurposing to recover the raw materials. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce a practical sorting method that entails the use of incremental capacity, equivalent circuit model, and manipulated coulomb counting to evaluate the total capacity of retired battery modules based on partial discharge profile. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated on both truncated full discharge profile and pulse discharge profile from a partially charged battery. Forty-eight 48 lithium-ion modules from a retired 24 kWh Nissan Leaf battery pack are used for the investigation. The experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of estimating the total capacity with a maximum error of 5%. Furthermore, a considerable reduction in the test time is achieved, with only the terminal voltage and discharge current are used, which is of great practical significance to the battery recycling industry where the cost and time are dominant.