Abstract:

The requirements, costs, and benefits of V2G must be balanced among the three primary stakeholders: vehicle manufacturers, vehicle owners, and grid operators. Vehicles must be equipped with the capability to allow two-way flows of electricity between the vehicle and the grid. The vehicle manufacturer must be able to price V2G capability at a level that customers will be willing to pay. The owner of the vehicle must be adequately compensated for allowing the grid operator to use the vehicle to provide grid services and must be assured that the vehicle will be available for personal use when needed. The grid operator must derive enough benefit from the availability of vehicles to compensate for the additional cost of monitoring and controlling the vehicle-grid interactions, paying owners, and administering the system.