Abstract:

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming a promising channel for improving air quality, energy protection, and economic opportunity in India, thanks to the rapid growth of the automobile industry. Electric vehicles are an important option for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. The Government of India recognizes the urgency to look at sustainable mobility solutions to reduce dependency on imported energy sources, reduced greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate adverse impacts of transportation including global warming.  Electric vehicles not only reduce the dependency on fossil fuel but also diminish the impact of ozone depleting substances and promote large scale renewable deployment. Despite comprehensive research on the attributes and characteristics of electric vehicles and the nature of their charging infrastructure, electric vehicle production and network modelling continues to evolve and be constrained. The paper provides an overview of the studies of Electric Vehicle, Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Plug-in-Hybrid Electric Vehicle and Battery Electric Vehicle penetration rate into the market and discusses their different modelling approach and optimisation techniques. This paper provides a summary of an electric vehicle’s barriers and problems in the Indian context and is the main novelty of the paper.  The research on the essential barriers and insufficient charging facilities are addressed for a developing country like India that makes the study unique. The development of new concept of Vehicle-to-Grid has created an extra power source when renewable energy sources are not available. The authors conclude that taking into account, the special characteristics of electric vehicles are so important in their mobility.