Abstract:

This paper investigates the competition problem between electric vehicle charging and parking desks for different owners using a non-cooperative Bertrand game. There is growing attention on electric vehicles from policymakers, the public charging service provider, and electric vehicle owners. The interaction between different entities forms a competition (game), especially between multi-type electric vehicle charging and parking facilities. This paper studies and analyzes competitive interactions between different charging decks using a general game-theoretic framework, specifically the Nikaido–Isoda solution. In the pricing competition model, the pricing strategies of all players and physical constraints, such as distribution line capacity, are considered. The case studies clearly indicate that the game played between different electric vehicle charging/parking decks will always converge to a Nash equilibrium point. Both charging service providers and customers could benefit from such an open and fully competitive energy service ecosystem, enhancing overall social welfare.