Abstract:

This paper describes and assesses the latest technologies in different elements of battery electric vehicles (BEV), i.e., powertrain architectures, propulsion and regeneration systems, energy storage systems, and charging techniques. This article examines the current and future trends of these technologies in detail. The key issues of electric vehicle component recycling (battery, motor, and power electronics) have also been discussed. Global emission regulations are pushing the industry towards zero or ultra-low emission vehicles. Thus, by 2025, most cars must have a considerable level of powertrain electrification. As the market share of electric vehicles increases, clear trends have emerged in developing powertrain systems. However, some significant barriers must be overcome before achieving appreciable market penetration. The objective of the current study is to review and provide a complete picture of the current BEV technology and a framework to assist future research in the sector.