Abstract:

This report outlines the current status of technical regulations and standards for heavy low- and zero-emission vehicles (LZEVs). These include in particular fuel cell electric vehicles and plug electric vehicles, i.e. battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids. The report includes information on regulations and standards on vehicle safety, charging and refueling infrastructure, environmental and energy-related performance, and identifies remaining barriers and opportunities for their future development. The focus of the report is on the evolution of regulations and standards in developed economies. It also offers insights for policymakers in developing countries interested in working towards a transition to low and zero-emission technologies.