Abstract:

Today, with the increasing penetration of electric cars, electricity grids face challenges such as grid congestion and increased demand in the high-voltage system mode, which nictitates grid development and the production of new capacity in electricity generation. Microgrid and smart electrical grids are among the new concepts in power systems that support new technologies within themselves. Electric cars are some advanced technologies that their optimized use can increase grid efficiency. The modern electric cars sometimes, through the necessary infrastructure and proper management, can serve as an energy source to supply grid loads. This study was conducted to investigate the energy management for production and storage resources. For this purpose, the authors considered the market price of energy, the prices quoted by distributed generation sources, and electric vehicles in the grid and responsive loads. The load response programs used include the time of use (TOU) and direct load control (DLC). The problem has a linear mixed-integer planning structure that was simulated using the GAMS software. The results of the simulation showed that TOU and DLC demand response programs had a positive and effective impact on the cost reduction and load curve smoothness.