Abstract:

The study was conducted to evaluate the Life Cycle Emissions Analysis (LCA) and Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV) powertrain options available in India. Two comparable combinations of BEV, HEV, and ICEV were chosen for the analysis from among the vehicles available in India: Foreign companies manufactured vehicles (Set-1), and Indian companies manufactured vehicles (Set-2). A comprehensive "Cradle to Grave" analysis was conducted to evaluate the test vehicle's GHG emissions during its lifetime. The sensitivity analysis for LCA was performed for (i) one-time battery replacement during its lifetime, (ii) region-wise, (iii) different fuel blends, and (iv) distance travelled during the vehicle lifetime.