Abstract:

Electric vehicles (EVs) are a critical component of the electrification revolution's goal of reducing carbon emissions. The authors review all the major trends in Li-ion batteries technologies used in EVs. This study concludes that only five types of cathodes are used and that most of the EV companies use Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide (NMC). Most of the Li-ion battery anodes are graphite-based. Positive and negative electrodes are reviewed in detail and future trends, such as the effort to reduce the Cobalt content. The electrolyte is a liquid/gel flammable solvent usually containing a LiFeP6 salt. The electrolyte makes the battery and battery pack unsafe, which drives the research and development to replace the flammable liquid by a solid electrolyte.