Abstract:

Urbanization coupled with rapid economic development, especially in booming economies like India, has resulted in an enormous increase in travel demand. Growing income levels have given urban populations access to personalized modes of transport like cars and two-wheelers, which has led to higher levels of congestion and pollution in cities. As per a recent study conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO), out of the 20 most polluted cities globally, 14 are from India. Electric vehicles (EVs) can, to a great extent, be capable of reducing the local pollution concentration, and if the right battery technology is chosen, the transport energy requirements can be carbon neutral. In the same light, this paper reviews various battery technologies available to be harnessed by the transport sector across the world and then studies in detail Indian conditions like the EV sales, scenario, government policies and programs along with technological advancements to develop a set of policy and implementation recommendations for the federal and state governments.