Abstract:

In this work the authors addressed two related aspects of e-mobility i.e the logistic problem of finding a public charging station, and the charging energy balancing problem that affects both the grid provider and the user. They proposed a distributed architecture in which the charging station has some local control autonomy, and which achieves energy balancing at three levels: at the charging station level through controlled charging, at the LV grid level through grid flow calculation, and at the routing level using the brokerage function. The authors also proposed for the user logistic problem an online routing service that uses mobile communication, and by including public city transportation, the authors have shown that the availability of charging spots can be drastically increased, particularly at low charging station densities. For the scheduling of charging intervals, the authors have given an integer linear formulation and a local ratio heuristic and provided preliminary results that show in practice that greedy is too slow and that the accuracy has to be improved.