Abstract:

This study evaluates the emissions reductions and costs of four different improved MAC systems versus the R134a systems currently prevalent in India: an enhanced R134a system with reduced leakage and improved efficiency, and systems that use R152a, R744, and R1234yf. Results show that R1234yf has the most potential for the Indian market. This is a near drop-in replacement for R134a and does not require any significant hardware change. While R1234yf in a direct expansion (DX) system and R152a in a secondary loop (SL) system both offer significant, and roughly equivalent, reductions in lifetime greenhouse gas emissions, R152a in an SL system has thus far only been demonstrated in India in a prototype vehicle and it has not been adopted in production vehicles anywhere in the world. R1234yf, meanwhile, is widely used in new vehicles in the United States, Europe, and Japan.