Abstract:

The report examines how responsible business conduct, circularity, and equitable tax policies can strengthen resilience and sustainability in critical mineral supply chains. Drawing on an industry survey, it analyses the incentives, constraints, and operational challenges influencing traceability and responsible sourcing, with a focus on nickel supply chains in Indonesia and the Philippines and lithium supply chains in Argentina and Chile. It further presents targeted and cost-effective policy recommendations for governments and industry to scale up traceability and promote resilient, transparent, and sustainable critical mineral supply chains.