Abstract:

This paper investigates the grid energy consumption by EVs and reviews recent applications of EV charging controls and optimization approaches used for the energy management of large-scale EVs charging on the grid. Energy management in this context is not trivial. It implies that the objectives such as load shifting, peak shaving, and minimizing the high cost of electricity consumption with a stable grid operation can be achieved. In the context of this study, EVs charging on the grid include battery electric vehicles (BEVs), which have larger battery banks with a longer charging duration and higher energy consumption capacity, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), which have smaller battery capacities.