Abstract:

The number of conventional automobile vehicles, pollution, and global warming increases day by day. The emission of IC engines is harmful to our environment, and this emission increases global warming. We can use new technology vehicles like electric, hybrid, and Fuel Cell Electric vehicles. This type of vehicle cannot produce emissions, but in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), some emission of gases is there, which is counted as pollution because this vehicle runs on two engines, IC (internal combustion) and another motor. This work introduces the fuel cell electric vehicle with its application working and benefits. The fuel-cell vehicle cannot produce any emissions. The vehicle's most fuel cell type is a Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM). The fuel used in this vehicle is hydrogen, which only produces water after a reaction with the chemical. The fuel cell electric vehicles are more efficient than conventional vehicles. The cost of hydrogen is also low compared to conventional fuels or gases, and the running cost is low, but the cost of a Fuel Cell Electric vehicle is higher than that conventional vehicle. The Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle continuously produces electricity and supplies the power to the motor, storing extra power in the lithium battery pack. The lithium-ion battery pack is the smallest compared to the electric vehicle. The noise of this vehicle is also low, so the driver drives the vehicle comfortably. The storage of hydrogen is difficult as compared to other fuels or gases. The research on this type of vehicle is going on to improve the safety and usage of hydrogen and bring the upcoming market with a fuel cell as a conventional vehicle. Thus, in the future, the cost of fuel-cell electric vehicles will be within affordable price.