Abstract:

This study explores the influence of spatial-temporal factors on the utilization of publicly available electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. It utilized the EV energy consumption data collected between 2019 and 2022 from six charging locations in the town of Cary, North Carolina. Descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression, and survival models were applied to explore energy consumption and the charging duration. Study results revealed a great variation in energy consumption and charging duration. Sundays have the highest frequency of charging activities, the largest amount of energy consumed, and the longest total duration, while Mondays have the lowest frequency of charging activities. Most of the charging activities occurred between 6 a.m. and 9p.m. The relationship between charging duration and energy consumed revealed that, for each charging minute, the EV consumed between 87 and 111.3 Wh of energy. The study found that energy consumption is significantly lower during the daytime, especially on weekdays, particularly Mondays and Thursdays, compared to weekends. However, energy consumption increased over time, with higher consumption in 2022 compared to 2019. The findings are crucial for planners to better plan and deploy charging facilities based on expected utilization, as they provide insights into the location and type of charging facilities.