Abstract:

The zero‐energy concept has been developed and widely used in energy policy making with an aim at designing and building sustainable buildings and communities. Electric vehicle (EV) contributes in providing the building energy demand when it is available in the building site and its energy is applicable. This paper conceptualizes and demonstrates an intelligent energy management system for a single-family house, considering EV as an active component of the building's energy system, including bidirectional energy exchange with the house and the grid. Thus, an energy demand model is proposed for net-zero energy building (NZEB) definitions to represent personal mobility in the building's energy balance. Therefore, including EV in building's energy supply increases the chances of getting closer to an NZEB. A mixed-integer linear (MILP) optimization scheme is developed to address the energy management problem related to the aforementioned energy balance model. The proposed system is assessed under two different heating scenarios, district heating (DH) and ground source heat pump (GSHP). In the case of GSHP, the energy demand increases significantly and this causes less improvements in energy matching indices and normalized net export compared to the case of DH. Finally, a review over the system elements prices and the annual saving represents that there is still a gap in providing this system to be economically demanding and this could be filled by a change in the new technology prices in the market and electricity energy prices.