Abstract:

Various approaches can be used to match Electric Vehicle loads with renewable energy sources but can differ in terms of how closely the renewable energy generation matches the timing of EV charging and how customers are compensated for adjusting their charging times to help with grid management. This working paper explores the range of approaches and emerging program designs currently being used in the United States to match EV loads and renewable energy, with an emphasis on methods that more closely link the timing and location of the EV demand with renewable energy supply. This paper examines the structure of these offerings, pricing, the link between customer charging and the availability of renewable source power generation, and customer response. The objective is to inform both customers seeking choices and utilities interested in offering programs about the range of different approaches available, lessons from experience to date with utility programs, and considerations for program design and implementation.