Abstract:

In this paper, the authors analyzed the types of EVs, the technology used, the advantages with respect to the internal combustion engine vehicles, the evolution of sales within the last years, and the different charging modes and future technologies. More specifically, an analysis of EVs' worldwide market situation and their prospects are carried out. Given that one of the fundamental aspects in EVs is the battery, the paper presents a thorough review of the battery technologies—from the Lead-acid batteries to the Lithium-ion. Moreover, the authors review the different standards available for EVs charging process and the power control and battery energy management proposals.