Abstract:

The search of clean energy technology, that embraces energy storage and conversion, can play the foremost vital role in overcoming fuel exhaustion and international pollution for the sustainable development of human society. Electrochemical technologies like batteries, fuel cells, hydrogen generation, Supercapacitor or Ultracapacitor and additionally solar energy conversion are employed or will employ in important application areas together with transportation and stationary and portable/micro power. To satisfy the increasing demand in each the energy and power densities of those electrochemical energy devices in numerous new application areas, more analysis and development area unit essential to beat major obstacles like price and robustness, that area unit thought of to be preventive their applications and making it at commercial platform. Environmental in addition to economic problems, gives a compelling thrust to develop clean, economical and sustainable vehicles for urban transportation. The automobile usage is rapidly increasing day by day and create pollution based environment globally, nevertheless the exhaust emissions of standard internal combustion (IC) engine vehicles are responsible for the main supply of urban pollution that causes the atmospheric phenomenon resulting in environmental warming. The dependence on oil because the sole supply of energy for traveller vehicles has economic and political implications, and therefore the crisis can inevitably become acute because the oil reserve of the globe diminishes. The fuel requirement is a raising factor due to the usage of fuel powered vehicles which intern produces anti greenhouse pollutant gases. So, electric vehicle (EV) is used as a substitute for the conventional vehicles to solve this type of issues. Presently, common EV uses batteries for the storing and supply of energy purpose. Its performance is not good when it comes to battery life time, maintenance and working. Lifetime of battery depends on numbers of charge/discharge cycles. Frequent acceleration of EV requires frequent release of high power from battery and frequents in charging/discharging affecting the battery life. Ultracapacitor (UC) can be connected along with battery in many configurations to complement the high energy demand from battery to remedy the issues of the primary energy storage of EVs. This kind of configurations putting different storage devices together is called Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS). So, there is requirement for proper management of energy to be supplied to the energy demand so that the primary energy storage of EV is protected with the help of Ultracapacitor which has high charge/discharge cycles.