Abstract:

Internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and fossil fuel are being replaced more quickly by new energy vehicles. Even though the majority of the literature accepts this tendency, very few studies contrast two distinct approaches that can be substituted for one another in terms of how they operate, namely electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs). The article compares and contrasts EVs with HFCVs in terms of vehicle cost and usage, fuel supply infrastructure development, and power source and fuel storage and transportation. The findings indicate that electric passenger vehicles have more advantages in economy, safety, and environmental impact, in comparison with hydrogen fuel cell passenger vehicles. Nevertheless, great efforts should still be made to develop advanced rapid charging technology, shorten charging time, and accelerate charging infrastructure construction. Then, it is just around the corner for EVs to gradually take over from traditional motor vehicles driven by oil. In contrast, popularizing hydrogen fuel cell passenger vehicles faces several insurmountable obstacles in the short run, such as the high hydrogen production price, complicated storage process, and expensive hydrogen refueling station infrastructure. Commercial hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, however, have special use cases. One must have a clear understanding of the dislocation and complementarity concept in various EV and HFCV scenarios.